Select Language

Bahasa Indonesia

แบบไทย

Foundations: Oracles

What Is a Price Oracle?A price oracle is the bridge between blockchains and markets outside the chain

What Is a Price Oracle?A price oracle is the bridge between blockchains and markets outside the chain. It sounds simple—“what is the price?”—but answering that question safely is hard, because smart contracts need a number they can trust enough to lend against, liquidate on, or settle trades from.Mar 21, 202624 min read

What Is Oracle Manipulation?Oracle manipulation is dangerous because smart contracts treat external data as truth, even when that “truth” can be distorted for a moment

What Is Oracle Manipulation?Oracle manipulation is dangerous because smart contracts treat external data as truth, even when that “truth” can be distorted for a moment. Many of DeFi’s worst exploits came from a simple mistake: using a price that was easy to move, right when the protocol needed it most.Mar 21, 202623 min read

What is a TWAP Oracle?A TWAP oracle turns a noisy, easy-to-spike market price into a slower, harder-to-manipulate signal by averaging prices over time

What is a TWAP Oracle?A TWAP oracle turns a noisy, easy-to-spike market price into a slower, harder-to-manipulate signal by averaging prices over time. That simple idea sits underneath many on-chain lending, derivatives, and risk systems — but its safety depends on exactly how the averaging is built and what attackers can afford.Mar 21, 202623 min read

What Is an Oracle?Oracle is the mechanism that lets blockchains use information they cannot observe themselves

What Is an Oracle?Oracle is the mechanism that lets blockchains use information they cannot observe themselves. Without oracles, smart contracts stay sealed inside the chain’s own state; with them, they become useful for prices, events, randomness, automation, and cross-system coordination.Mar 21, 202626 min read

What is a Data Feed?Data feeds are what let blockchains act on prices, rates, reserves, and other facts they cannot observe themselves

What is a Data Feed?Data feeds are what let blockchains act on prices, rates, reserves, and other facts they cannot observe themselves. They look simple from the outside—a number onchain—but behind that number is a chain of choices about sourcing, aggregation, timing, cost, and trust.Mar 21, 202623 min read

What is a Medianizer?A medianizer is one of the simplest robust ideas in oracle design: don’t trust a single price report when you can aggregate many and take the middle

What is a Medianizer?A medianizer is one of the simplest robust ideas in oracle design: don’t trust a single price report when you can aggregate many and take the middle. That small change turns isolated bad data, stale updates, and some forms of manipulation into outliers instead of system-defining truth.Mar 21, 202625 min read