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Foundations: Consensus

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Consensus

Mar 21, 2026

What Is a Fork Choice Rule?

Learn what a fork choice rule is, why blockchains need it, and how rules like longest chain, GHOST, and LMD-GHOST select the canonical head.

26 min read

Consensus

Mar 21, 2026

What is Leader Election?

Learn what leader election is in consensus, why protocols choose temporary leaders, how failover works, and why proposer selection affects safety and MEV.

24 min read

Consensus

Mar 21, 2026

What Is Federated Consensus?

Learn what federated consensus is, how quorum slices and quorum intersection work, and why trust configuration determines safety and liveness.

23 min read

Consensus

Mar 21, 2026

What Is a Checkpoint in Blockchain Consensus?

Learn what a checkpoint is in blockchain consensus, how it works in Ethereum finality and fork choice, and why checkpoints matter for sync and trust.

22 min read

Consensus

Mar 21, 2026

What is a Consensus Mechanism?

Learn what consensus mechanisms are, how blockchain networks agree on one history, and the tradeoffs between PoW, PoS, BFT, and probabilistic designs.

26 min read

Consensus

Mar 21, 2026

What Is Delegated Proof of Stake?

Learn what Delegated Proof of Stake is, how DPoS works, why it improves blockchain performance, and what tradeoffs it makes in governance.

25 min read

Consensus

Mar 21, 2026

What is BFT Consensus?

Learn what BFT consensus is, why Byzantine faults require 3f+1 validators, how quorums create finality, and how PBFT, Tendermint, HotStuff, and more work.

26 min read

Consensus

Mar 21, 2026

What is Attestation?

Learn what attestation means in proof-of-stake consensus, how Ethereum attestations work, and why they matter for fork choice, finality, and scaling.

27 min read