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Foundations: Scaling / Layers

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Mar 21, 2026

Learn what Layer 2 is, why it exists, how rollups and channels work, and how Layer 2 scales blockchains while keeping Layer 1 settlement.

23 min read

Mar 21, 2026

Learn what a settlement layer is, how it secures rollups and modular chains, and why commitments, proofs, data availability, and withdrawals matter.

23 min read

Mar 21, 2026

Learn what a sidechain is, how two-way pegs and bridges work, why sidechains help scaling, and how their security differs from rollups.

26 min read

Mar 21, 2026

Learn what the consensus layer is, how it orders blocks and finalizes history, and why separating consensus from execution matters for scaling.

22 min read

Mar 21, 2026

Learn what the execution layer is, how it processes transactions and state, and why it matters for Ethereum, rollups, and blockchain scaling.

23 min read

Mar 21, 2026

Learn what Layer 1 means in blockchain scaling: the base chain that provides consensus, settlement, and data availability for secure verification.

22 min read